CHARACTEAISTIC FEATURES OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

The theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） was formed in Chinese ancient times and much influenced by Chinese ancient materialism and dialectics． In the methods of observation and analysis of something TCM mainly took whole observation of analogism and analysis of appearance of things to seek its inner mechanism． So the unique theoretical system of TCM has two basic features： the concept of wholism and Bianzheng Lunzhi（treatment accordingto the differentiation of syndromes）．

l．The concept of wholism

The whole body and the local parts are comparative． So－called whole body actually refers to an unity and an integral whole of every local parts． TCM pay great attention to the unity and the integral whole of every local parts of the human body proper, also the unity and the integral whole between man and nature． The unity and the integral whole are the expression of Chinese ancient materialism and dialectics in TCM and run through physiological process，pathological process，diagnostic techniques， differentiation of syndromes，treatment， etc．

The human body is an organic whole．

TCM considers that the human body is an organic whole， tissues and organs connect each other to keep their coordination and balance． On the one hand the normal physiological activities depend on their functions of Zang and Fu（viscera）， on the other hand depend on their Synergistic action, supplementing each others and restrictive action， opposing each other, to maintain physiological balance． Every parts of the human body take five viscera as the center and form coordinative and unified whole body in which the exterior and the interior connect each other, the upper and the lower link up each other by means of that inner connections of the meridian system．So TCM considers the local pathological changes of the human body often relate to the excess state or deficiency of Zang and Fu， QI and Xue， Yin and Yang． The exterior changes can contribute to determine the changes of the interior organs during the diagnosis. The local pathological changes can contribute to decide therapeutic method according to whole state during the treatment．

The unity between man and the natural world.

Mankind lives in the natural world and there are essential conditions on which persons depend for existence in the natural world． And the changes of the natural world（such as， seasons and climate， day and night， morning and dusk， regions and area， etc） can affect the human body directly and indirectly, then organism showed response correspondingly． The response is physiological adaptability if it is within the physiological limits， otherwise pathological response．So persons must adapt themselves to circumstance initiatively． The treatment in accordance with climate， environment and individual is the important principle in the treatment of TCM．

2． Bianzheng Lunzhi(treatment according to the differentiation of syndromes） Bianzheng Lunzhi is a fundamental principle of TCM in recognizing and treating diseases and a special method in studying and handling diseases。 and also one of basic characteristic features Zheng（Syndromes） refers to summarization of pathological changes in a certain phase of developing process Of a disease and includes location of the lesion, etiology and nature of a disease, and the relation between the vital energy and the pathological factors， and represents the innate character of pathological changes in a certain phase of developing process of the disease So Syndromes reveal the innate characters of the disease over Symptoms deeply and correctly Bianzheng means that the clinical data， symptoms， physical signs collected by the four diagnostic methods （inspection， auscultation and olfaction， interrogation， pulse feeling and palpation） are analyzed and summarized to determine a certain Syndrome． Lunzhi means that a corresponding therapeutic method will be determined according to Syndrome． Treating disease by means of TCM depends on syndrome in the first，but not on similarities and differences of a disease．So different Syndromes of the same disease have different treatment； but different diseases if Syndrome is same can be cured by the same treatment． This Is" treating the same disease with different methods and treating the different diseases with the same method”．The law of resolving qualitatively different contradictions with qualitatively different methods in developing process of a disease is the inner essence of Bianzheng Lunzhi．